Management for Sustainability

Question: For a large portion of the initial 10 weeks of the meeting, understudies are required to keep up a Learning Journal in the Blog area of Interact. An aggregate of 8 passages are required for quite a long time 1-6 and Weeks 9 10 individually. Necessities for every passage are remembered for the important Weekly Modules. Week by week sections ought to be close to 250 words and address the issues indicated in the modules. Extra stamps are granted for ordinary investment in conversation gatherings for the applicable subjects in Interact, subsequently it is firmly suggested that understudies stay aware of the themes on a week after week premise. Dropping behind will bring about conversations being missed and stamps being dropped. Answer: Week 10: Reflection about Video In this video, the creator has illustrated about the essential standards of advertising through basic appraisal of the manageable merchandise and ventures, clarified about the promoting methodology and rehearses lastly depicted about the successful social showcasing. Practical Marketing Strategy gives a knowledge to the worldwide players that how they can build up their profession in the field of worldwide showcasing management(Jones, Clarkeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hill, Comfort, Hillier, 2008). All the significant data installed in the video has given a view that how heads can seek after about social and reasonable advertising methodologies and can beat the issues identified with the worldwide condition emergency just as developing imperatives of the items and administrations in the association. The worries of the pioneer encompasses just for the errand that how to advertise the item as per the economical principles(Sharmaa, Iyerb, Mehrotrac, Krishnana, 2010). What is ordinarily inspected by the advertisers is that manageability develops practices and hypotheses existing in the worldwide promoting the board condition. It includes the environmental change models, alleviation and reception quantifies just as creating aptitudes utilized for the basic assessment of the quantitative patterns information and issues identified with prescient demonstrating. It is useful for the understudies and glad for the training group as they have utilized the perspectives on notable specialists of the business and famous scholastics. Understudies will get the chance to partake in group building and administration occasions during the tenth week programme(McDonagh, 1998). We were truly satisfied by the talk of the instructor and for the most part by the inputs and thoughts gave by them. The video has given a diagram of contrasts and advancements of the supportability showcasing. In light of the diagram and points of view of the showcasing, it will be simpler f or the advertisers to decide a wide view about the social, ecological and financial results about maintainability marketing(Mitchell Wooliscroft, 2010). Week 12: Case Study Foundation Ecological Changes have been attempted at the vehicle plant arranged in UK. This association is the piece of bigger worldwide car fabricating organization. Change Drivers On the worldwide level, the associations are submitted for the manageability of the earth. They were predominantly intended to proceed with their assembling offices with insignificant negative effects on the earth. As per their drawn out vision, they were holding a natural vow that is to limit the ecological effects of the assembling and vehicles. For making such accomplishments, the natural arrangements of the association were centered around the disposal of the contamination. The procedure is ceaselessly endeavoring to accomplish such destinations dependent on 5R's: Decrease (for instance: decrease the utilization of normal assets, for example, water, power, gas and so forth.) Reuse (for instance: 99.9% of the European Packages are re-utilized) Refine (for instance: at every possible opportunity, maintain a strategic distance from the utilization of CFCs, water-based paints and so on.) Reuse (for instance: reusing of however much material as could reasonably be expected plastics, water, paper, elastic, steel and so on.) Recover Energy (for instance: exhaust gases warm other creation forms). Hierarchical Initiatives to Increase Sustainability As the plant has meant to cultivate the earth approaches, a progression of activities are acquainted with draw in the representatives in condition inviting exercises. It includes: Creation and usage of various natural projects which gives the chance to partake in shifted ecological exercises. Creation and opening of nature walk destinations through creation a harmony among lakes and nearby untamed life trust. Presentation of yearly occasion for making an open greeting to the families to go through a day and can convey down with some carefree exercises. Reusing of waste water. Establishment of sunlight based PVs before the plant. Presentation of some future projections, for example, gathering the water, acquaintance of advantages with the representatives, for example, protection of sun powered boards. Staff commitment in Changes The vehicle plant exceptionally organizes with staff commitment in the ecological exercises through consolation of workers. By and by, around 98% of workers were engaged with the natural projects which have been presented a year ago. Out of aggregate, half of representatives have finished their subsequent level program. Such activities has encouraged the innovativeness of representatives and made them more situations well disposed. References Jones, P., Clarkeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hill, C., Comfort, D., Hillier, D. (2008). Advertising and Sustainability. Showcasing Intelligence Planning, 26(2), 123-130. McDonagh, P. (1998). Towards a hypothesis of Sustainable Communication in Risk Society: Relating issues of maintainability to showcasing correspondences. Diary of Marketing Management, 591-622. Mitchell, R. W., Wooliscroft, B. (2010). Manageable Market Orientation: A New Approach to Managing Marketing Strategy. Diary of Macromarketing, 30(2), 160-170. Sharmaa, An., Iyerb, G. R., Mehrotrac, A., Krishnana, R. (2010). Maintainability and business-to-business promoting: A system and suggestions. Modern Marketing Management, 39(2), 330-341.

The strengths and limitations of duration analysis

The qualities and constraints of span examination As expressed by the US Federal Reserve, loan fee hazard impacts on a different scope of partners, and henceforth money related entertainers are keen on evaluating its effect. The most significant useful device to oversee loan cost chance and to fulfill this primary capacity for banks is length investigation. All in all span Analysis is an econometric apparatus and as far as Financial Economics it is characterized as the mean period of time that goes until the current worth is returned by a flood of fixed installments as indicated by Macaulay (1938). Subsequently, Duration is a proportion of the affectability of assetâ's costs to intrigue developments. My following article characterizes span as indicated by Macaulay and presents extraordinary terms from the training. Also, it thinks about inoculation, supporting and Duration Gap Analysis as useful applications. The following part will examine qualities and shortcomings of span examination. It finishes up with todays significance of D uration examination. There are two principle motivations to contemplate Duration as per Kopprasch (2006). Right off the bat, firms and particularly money related go-betweens have tied up enormous measures of capital in fixed salary instruments. These incorporate securities incompletely with discretionary qualities or ongoing money related advancements like trades, loan fee choices or floaters. Henceforth, legitimate supporting of these instruments gets significant. Besides, the key figure length gives a natural way to deal with instruct potential clients. This prompts a superior comprehension of budgetary instruments as a rule and how they act when loan costs change. Bodie, Kane, Marcus (2006) Observational investigations and Figure 16.1 show six bond-valuing connections: Right off the bat, theres a reverse connection between security cost and respect development. Also, an expansion in a securities respect development brings about a littler value change than a lessening of equivalent size. Thirdly, long haul bonds are more touchy than momentary bonds. Fourthly, financing cost chance, which is estimated by the affectability of security costs to changes in yields, is not exactly corresponding to security development. Fifthly, there is a converse connection between loan fee hazard and securities coupon rate, on the grounds that a security with a higher coupon rate pays a more noteworthy level of its current incentive preceding development. Sixthly, the respect development at which the security is as of now sold is contrarily identified with the affectability of the securities cost to an adjustment in its yield. This five perceptions were depicted Mankiel and are known as Malkiel bond-evaluating connections. The 6th property was shown by Homer and Liebowi tz (1972). Ingersoll, Skelton, Weil, (1978) expressed that the key figure Duration can be deciphered as an endeavor to evaluate this subjective perceptions through a solitary and numerical measure. The span ideas has its roots in crafted by Macaulay(1938), Samuelson (1945), Hicks (1939) and Redington (1952). Macaulay(1938) characterized span as the mean time span that go until the current worth is returned by a flood of fixed installments. The evidence that span is a flexibility was given by Hicks in 1939. This implies the value flexibility of a security in light of a minuscule change in its respect development is relative to length. In any case, Fisher (2006) gives occasion to feel qualms about Hickss induction. In any case, his confirmation is commonly recognized. Redington (1952) inferred the span freely and utilized it for portfolio vaccination. The standard definition as indicated by Macaulay is: subject to The weight is determined by . In the extraordinary instance of a zero bond, the span rises to the development, in light of the fact that no installments happen before development. Kopprasch (2006) makes reference to a few diverse down to earth techniques which depend on Macauleys length and are utilized by and by. Viable span is controlled by the value development to a steady development while holding the alternative balanced spread consistent. Alternative balanced Spread (OAS) is a level spread which is added to the yield bend in an evaluating model and considers choices like prepayments open doors for contract supported protections. Consequently, OAS is model ward and fuses unpredictability like variable financing costs or prepayment rates. Portfolio span measures the Duration of an arrangement of various resources. It depends on the additivity of single spans. Additivity implies that the term of a portfolio is the weighted-normal of the spans of the individual protections. The loads are the present market estimation of every security. The term Modified span is determined by the recipe: Besides, the term incomplete spans or key rate lengths is a vector of lengths, where every span is just substantial for a constrained development extend. Spread term perceives that an adjustment in the spread can influence the bond. This key figure was structured particularly to esteem floaters which exchange close to standard by definition. It frequently turns out that the market doesnt appear to exchange the instruments with the anticipated length. Henceforth, observational span was created to manage these occasions. It is determined by relapsing value developments of the advantage versus some market benchmark. The following passage thinks about two utilizations of length in chance administration: Hedging and vaccination for a portfolio and Duration Gap Analysis. The adjustment in an advantage cost because of progress in loan fees can be determined by: Fooladi (2000) depicts that the acknowledged pace of return envelop premium aggregated from reinvestment of coupon pay and the capital addition or misfortune toward the finish of the arranging time frame when the portfolio is sold. The two parts sway the acknowledged pace of return in inverse ways. Thus, in one point the two inverse impacts of coupon reinvestment and capital increase or misfortune counterbalance each other. At the point when the portfolio term approaches the length of the arranging time frame, the portfolio is inoculated and the acknowledged return won't fall underneath the guaranteed pace of return. The second depicted application is Duration Gap Analysis which is an expansion to the vaccination approach, since it incorporates liabilities. A fundamental capacity of banks is to give development change. Consequently, banks ordinarily have transient liabilities and long haul resources. As a result of this span confound and appeared by the third after condition, changes in loan fees directly affect the banks value esteem. The hole between the lengths of the advantages and liabilities ( is a proportion of the loan cost danger of banks value. Fooladi (2000) depicts that banks may take unassuming wagers by setting a term hole or set the length hole near zero. The subsequent condition shows how banks can change their span hole by moving loads on resources or liabilities. Bierwag and Fooladi (2006) indicate that banks use cockeyed sheet protections like financing cost prospects, alternatives and trades to decrease change time and to spare expenses. In spite of the demonstrated qualities, there are shortcomings in span examination. As should be obvious in Figure 16.3, Duration is just substantial for little changes, on the grounds that the connection among span and value changes is determined by a first-request Taylor arrangement guess. Moreover, Mishkin/Eakins (2006) condemn that loan cost changes need to influence all paces of developments by the very same sum. As a rule, the slant of the yield shouldnt be influenced at all and the yield bend is thought to be level. Be that as it may, the state of the yield bend varies over the business cycle and thusly this normal incline change must be thought of. The referenced fractional term and spread span attempt to deal with this weakness. Further issues include vulnerability over the extent of benefits and liabilities. Appraisals need to consider for instance prepayment of advances, client moves out of stores and dubious money installments because of default hazard as per Fooladi and Roberts (2004). As Bierwag and Kaufman (1988) appeared, default modifies bonds incomes and their planning. Furthermore, one needs to anticipate the stochastic procedure administering loan cost developments to esteem choices. This can make a stochastic procedure hazard which can be evaluated by ways to deal with to gauge financing cost unpredictability chance. Ho (2007) states that professionals tie term and vega estimates which indicate the sensitivities to the move in the trade bend and the unpredictability surface, separately. In his methodology unpredictability chance is estimated by the worth affectability of an alternative to the adjustment in the inferred instability work at the key rate focuses on the bend. Ingersoll, Skelton, and Weil (1978) contend that the accepted stochastic procedure to create term models is conflicting with harmony conditions. Happening huge stuns to loan fees, riskless exchange got conceivable, yet on the viable side the riskless-exchange contention appeared to be speculative. To beat these shortcomings, Mishkin and Eakins (2006) makes reference to progressively modern methodologies, for example, situation examination and worth in danger investigation and convexity which is a second-request Taylor arrangement estimate and can be utilized as an adjustment measure. Paroush and Prisman (1997) reinforce this supposition and show that convexity (second-request) can be a higher priority than the length (first request). To place it basically, with expanding multifaceted nature of protections, bunch expansions have been added to the previous length investigation established by Macaulay to deal with the happening dangers. Moreover, unique span estimates face various suspicions about slant and state of the yield bend or the stochastic procedure driving loan fees. One needs to take as a primary concern how precise these presumptions are, on the grounds that as found in the ongoing monetary emergency disappointments influence the whole economy, as indicated by my beginning explanation. In any case, span examination is a versatile system and utilized cautiously, a device to get an initial introduction of int

An unexpected discovery, from a few centuries ago

An unexpected discovery, from a few centuries ago This is my fourth year in Cambridge. But earlier this week I learned how little I still know about where I live. Last weekend, I went on a grocery run. It was wine and cheese night in my suite, so I was preparing an appetizer of brie sprinkled in candied walnuts, wrapped in puff pastry, and baked (heres the recipe, in case your mouth just started watering!). To my horror, Trader Joes had neither puff pasty nor brie, which didnt bode well for my dish. Well it turns out theres a big Whole Foods Market literally a 5 minute walk from the Trader Joes I frequent that I had no idea about until last week. I picked up my cheese and pastry, sheepishly thinking about all the other times Id left Trader Joes in disappointment, and headed back to MacGregor. Usually when I go to the market I take the river route along Memorial Drive. But because I ended up at a new store, I took a different street back to my dorm. Usually when I go to Trader Joes, I walk along Mem Drive, but I cut inland this time. On my way back, I stumbled across a park. In the park, I found a sign: The sign explains that the miniature hills ringing the park are actually embankments built in 1775 at the command of none other than George Washington. After Lexington and Concord, the pair of battles that started the American Revolution, the British soldiers fell back to Bostonand the rebels, including ten thousand Minutemen from all over New England, set up camp in Cambridge. At the time Cambridge was nothing more than a village of around 1500 people, but for a short while it served as the military base of the army of a country that didnt even exist yet. Harvard was evacuated and barracks were set up in Cambridge common. Washington ordered that defensive positions be established throughout the greater Boston area, in Sommerville, East Cambridge, Brookline, Dorchester, and Dana Hill. This small three-gun fort was one of several established on the banks of the Charles River to restrict British passage on the water. The semicircular battery would have given the American troops an unobstructed vantage point over the water on three sides. The guns likely never saw action. The British were driven out of the city in March 1776, ending the Siege of Boston, shifting the war to a different theater, and paving the way for the signing of the Declaration of Independence months later. This fortnow a park filled with fluffy dogsis the last preserved monument to Cambridges role in this very early stage of the Revolutionary War. This is why I love Bostonits so full of history that you can basically trip over fascinating monuments without realizing it. Now you might have noticed that the park is not actually on the banks of the Charles River. Instead, its within spitting distance of Simmons, the giant undergrad dorm that looks like a sponge. Thats because MIT, like a lot of Cambridge and almost all of Back Bay, was built on artificially filled land. Not only did the university not exist when America was declaring its independenceneither did the land it stood on. Originally, Boston proper was a tiny little plot of land, a peninsula tethered to the mainland with one tenuous spar of rock. During the 19th century, Boston leveled most of its hills in order to fill in vast swaths of land in South Boston and Back Bay. National Geographic has a fascinating article detailing the history of the citys transformation; you should really check it out. Now that I know that a lot of the ground I walk on day-to-day is man-made, there are some things that make a lot more sense. For instance, when Paul Revere stood watch in the tower of the Old North Church, he promised to sign one if by land, two if by sea to indicate from whence the British were coming. This was actually a fairly comprehensive code because at the time there was literally only one land route into Boston. My dad used to make fun of Harvard for not grabbing the prime real estate on the Charles River and instead leaving the waterfront to MIT; but when Harvard was founded MITs campus was a big plot of marsh. Ive actually been commuting back and forth to Harvard lately because Im taking a class there this semester, and apparently Dana Hill, one of the reinforcement points mentioned on the sign, is smack dab in the middle of my commute. Dana Hill is not tall; I know because I have to bike over it twice a week. Or maybe it was just leveled to fill in the ground where my dorm is now. The City of Cambridge actually has a map showing where all the cool Cambridge historical sites are. As is to be expected, they are clustered around Harvard, where land existed back then. Now that Im heading over there more often, I should be able to check some of them out. Theres Fort Washington waaaaaaay over there in the cornerwhere the water used to be My day started out with a typical walk to the grocery store, and instead I stumbled across a fascinating piece of history that is literally two blocks away from my dorm that I had never found before. Im honestly amazed and embarrassed that I didnt know about it. I guess this should be a lesson to myself to not let myself get buried so far in my classwork that I dont take the opportunity to explore whats around me. Its really easy to get trapped in the MIT bubblebut sometimes its important to make sure you get off the refilled land. Post Tagged #American Revolution #Boston #history

Gradience in Language

A Hanging By George Orwell - 799 Words

â€Å"A Hanging† by the visionary English writer, George Orwell, is a non- fiction prose. A Hanging is an account of Orwell’s experience of capital punishment. Orwell’s purpose of A Hanging is to evoke reader’s sympathy for the plight of the prisoner. This essay will discuss how Orwell’s account made the reader consider their views on the ongoing concern of capital punishment, through the use of effective language. The Autobiographical account is set in Burma during the 1920’s, when Orwell was stationed there as a senior police officer. He retells the incident of a hanging of a Hindu man where he witnesses what would seem minor incident which will form a turning point in his views about the use of capital punishment. In order to help us understand his views on capital punishment Orwell selects his detail carefully. The setting immediately highlights the poor conditions in which the prisoners are kept â€Å"small animal cages† the conditions in which the prisoners are kept in are described as being inhuman and zoo like. Orwell goes on further to express this image by describing the prisoners as being animals, â€Å"squatting† continues the animal image and evokes the reader’s sympathy. The setting and physical description of the prisoners combine to engender the readers sympathy for the prisoner which is the central purpose of the text. The contrast between the prisoner and the guard evokes the reader’s sympathy when the prisoner is described as â€Å"a puny wisp of a man† and then the prisonShow MoreRelatedA Hanging By George Orwell1141 Words   |  5 PagesIn George Orwell’s â€Å"A hanging†, George uses his personal experiences as an Assistant superintendent in the British Imperial Police from 1922 to 1927 to convey his argument against capital punishment. Orwell as an officer of the law is sworn to enforce the laws of the state, even if he disagrees with them morally. Orwell wrote â€Å"A Hanging† using an event he acted in to describe his point on why capital punishment is a crime against nature. Although as a police man he could not oppose the law, his storyRead MoreGeorge Orwell s A Hanging Essay2293 Words   |  10 Pagesside could be strongly argued. â€Å"A Hanging† by George Orwell is a prime example of this type of work, as the 1931 essay provokes thought on th e issue of capital punishment. The story details an experience Orwell had during his work in Burma in which he was present for one prisoner’s execution. There is certainly conflict within Orwell for taking part in this event, and for being in relation to the functionaries responsible for carrying out the sentence. While Orwell does not make his belief on capitalRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s A Hanging 1765 Words   |  8 PagesUnder the pen name of George Orwell, Eric Arthur Blair writes an essay titled, â€Å"A Hanging,† to show how capital punishment is wrong. This essay is a past experience Orwell has been across. Orwell changes his view on capital punishment, who has the right to shorten someone’s life. Orwell witnesses a hanging of a Hindu man and realizes that it is inhumane and immoral to take a life away from someone. Although Orwell has helped with hangings in his past he realizes that capital punishment is wrong andRead MoreEssay about A Hangin g by George Orwell877 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact on you because of its effective style. Discuss how the writer’s style adds to the impact of the content. â€Å"A Hanging† by George Orwell is an influential, autobiographical essay, in which the subject of capital punishment is powerfully examined. The essay is based on a prisoner’s execution in a Prisoner of War camp in Burma during the Second World War. In the essay, Orwell is a prison guard for the camp and carefully illustrates his views on capital punishment. The structure of the essay isRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Shooting An Elephant And A Hanging 860 Words   |  4 PagesIn George Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant and A Hanging. The setting of both the spots was in Burma, a nation in Asia. In A Hanging the setting was principally in a correctional facility while in Shooting an Elephant was in a Moulmein, in lower Burma where an Elephant went quiet . The Characters in A Hanging were for the most part a Hindu who was little whit no hair and obscure fluid eyes, additionally he had a thick, mustache which was humongous for his body. Additionally George OrwellRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Voice Of A Generation 884 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneration? George Orwell’s pieces of writing were the voice of an age due to his style of writing. Orwell follows the principles of imagery, tone and ethos, meanwhile creating his own rules. Orwell weaves these principles together to write two famous stories that are packed with ethos and told in great detail. Why give a common man more credibility than an emperor? Orwell’s writing style gives him immense credibility because of the sheer detail, vivid color and description. Orwell achieves thisRead MorePride and Power in George Orwells Shooting an Elephant and A Hanging975 Words   |  4 PagesElephant,† George Orwell describes his experience of shooting an elephant. In â€Å"A Hanging,† he describes the emotions that run through him as he watches the hanging of a prisoner. Both essays have similar key ideas that identify Orwell as a writer. The results of pride and power contribute to the themes that connect his essays and identify Orwell as a descriptive writer. One of Orwell’s distinctive characteristics is his emphasis of his emotional response to life and death in every situation. Orwell engagesRead MoreA Hanging By Eric Blair1412 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1931 â€Å"A Hanging† by Eric Blair, a little-known author from London, was published for the first time in the Adelphi magazine. Blair is a famous writer who is known today as someone who confronted some of the major political movements of his time. Although, Blair did not start his career off as a writer. For five years Blair spent his time in Burma working in the Indian Imperial Police, just like his father, until he resigned in January 1928. Somewhere along the line Blair realized that this lineRead MoreGeorge Orwells Stance on Capital Punishment in Essay, A Hanging611 Words   |  3 Pages The essay â€Å"A Hanging† by George Orwell speaks to the reader about the author’s stance on capital punishment. I believe that Orwell was able to communicate his po int, without actually saying I’m against capital punishment, through three steps. The first step is to set the mood and bring you into his perspective. From the dreary description of the morning to the slow procession of the condemned man to the gallows, Orwell puts the reader in a mood that conveys the experience of watching a man die.Read More Capital Punishment in the Work of George Orwell, H.L. Mencken, and Norman Mailer728 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment in the Work of George Orwell, H.L. Mencken, and Norman Mailer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital punishment in the essays by George Orwell, H.L. Mencken, and Norman Mailer was a necessary evil to deter crime. These authors incorporated the use of alcohol or drugs as mind-altering chemicals to relieve the pressures of the characters involved in death due to capital punishment. Chemicals such as drugs and alcohol can be used for the pleasure of relieving stress, a means to forget, or a way to subdue

Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement Free Essays

Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement Response Throughout policing history women and minorities have gone through so many changes as they tried to become law enforcers. In the beginning, when women and minorities were allowed to become police officers they would be hired but given lighter duties or assigned to lower crime areas. They weren’t given much opportunity to go out and experience first hand how everything was on the streets since the majority of law enforcers back then were males. We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement or any similar topic only for you Order Now They worked more as social workers and it took a long time for them to be out on the streets fighting off crime. Over time their role in law enforcement has changed dramatically, back then they weren’t allowed to have higher ranks or work out on the field or basically do any job that was considered a men’s job (due to physical strength or upper body strength that men had and women didn’t). As time went on they were allowed to have higher ranks and given more opportunities, they were allowed to do what most male officers were doing at the time. There were associations made for women and minorities. One such association mentioned in the book is called: The International Association of Policewomen. Laws were created as well to enforce the hiring of racial and gender minorities as well as affirmative action policies. Affirmative action policies required that police departments create more than equal opportunities for everyone. They pressed that the police departments should hire minorities. Affirmative action basically ensured that those who had previously been excluded from particular types of employment would now have the access to those jobs. All law enforcement agencies that didn’t follow the affirmative action policies would face civil suits from the individuals who were denied that job. The hiring of minorities and women changed the role of modern policing as everything had to be changed to give way to minorities and women. For example: Physical agility tests and Written tests. As mentioned in the book: Policewomen and policemen are different in three key areas; policewomen do not draw their weapons as frequently; they use less physical force; and they are better at handling domestic violence calls. Grant Terny, 2008) The positive things about this integration are that many acts were made that required equal opportunities for women and minorities. Also, the police force no longer consisted of just men but women as well and so whenever there are victims that are women the female police officers could talk to them and they’d be a lot more comfortable to release information. As well as when they are going t o be searched. People of different ethnic backgrounds made it now possible as well to talk to certain victims who didn’t know the English language. The negatives are that many things had to be changed in the force, from physical agility tests to written tests, and even how things are done in a department because of this integration. Sexual harassment in the workplace became an issue; there were so many debates to whether women could perform jobs. Also women were looked at negatively and as not being able to perform the job, they were usually harassed or talked down upon by victims being arrested. The importance of women in policing should not be overlooked because they bring huge changes to every police department and are intelligent people. They are willing to refrain from pulling out their guns to resolve an issue and really do try their best to resolve it by talking to the individual. They have better communication skills and are less aggressive and I feel they are more responsible. In conclusion, the integration of minorities and women has changed so much for law enforcement and in so many ways it made it better because it’s only fair that all different races and people of different backgrounds were allowed to become a police officer if they met the requirements. Women or men alike can help keep our communities safe if they work together. How to cite Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement, Essay examples

Platos Analogy of the Cave free essay sample

Plato was a Greek Philosopher, who was a student of Socrates. The Analogy of the Cave in Plato’s Republic was written as a dialogue between Socrates and Plato’s brother Glaucon. In the Analogy of the Cave, Plato describes the prisoners who lived an isolated life in the confined space of a cave. Plato’s Analogy explains a philosopher’s journey to knowledge and the difficulty that he faces along the way and the prisoners in the cave who have not embarked on the journey to true knowledge and are living their lives, only seeing what is on the surface, and what they want to see. The Analogy relates to Plato’s Theory of Forms, which explains how the forms possess the ultimate reality. The World of Forms is the unseen world in which everything is constantly evolving and changing. The Analogy however, is the attempt to enlighten the prisoners and explain the philosophers place in society. He uses the story to explain the need to question everything like a philosopher does in order to distinguish between the unreal, physical world and the real spiritual world lit by the sun. The sun is the ultimate good and Plato gives the name of good the demiurge. The cave is a symbol of the world; it represents the World of Appearances based on what people see by their senses. It is an illusionary physical world in which people are trapped by ignorance and false truths. It is a world where people ignore the truth and are unenlightened. The prisoners are in this illusionary world where they think that what they are seeing is reality however it is not reality at all. In the cave there are shadows of truth and echoes of reality. It is filled with illusions. It is a world of senses where the prisoners have gained empirical knowledge which is flawed. Plato thinks that the prisoners’ situations are no different from ours, as we do not see the forms clearly, only the physical world. Plato believed that everything exists in its true, perfect form outside of the cave in the world of the forms. The Cave; the physical world imprisons a person by stopping them seeing the forms. The cave represents a world where everything comes to an end and will eventually die, however in the world of forms nothing will die or end. Everything is transcendent and evolving. People who leave the cave gain true vision and see reality. The cave can also represent he body in which our souls (the prisoners) are trapped. Our souls constantly yearn for the World of Forms in which nothing ever decays. The cave may also represent society and the prisoners cannot see the world for what it really is as they are trapped in the claws of society. The prisoners are humans who have a lack of knowledge and are oblivious to the truth and reality. They are in an ill usionary world. The prisoners are mankind or at least human thought and existence. They are chained mentally by culture; trapped in society and physically around their necks and feet, which means they are not able to move around. This means that their minds cannot wander elsewhere and they remain fixed on the shadows/their reality. The chains also represent humanities inability to become enlightened and our consciousness. Their reality is the shadows of truth and the echoes of reality. They have never seen true good, true reality; the sun. They represent human beings like us as they are ignorant and oblivious to the truth and the world of forms. Their minds are full of ignorance and false impressions. They have beards which show that they have been there since childhood, and that the darkness is all they know. The prisoners sit facing the wall and have spent their lives watching the shadow play. For them the appearance seems real, as they have never seen anything else. We have sympathy for the prisoners as they have been misguided and are oblivious to the ultimate good; the demiurge. They are people who accept everything at face value and never question or try to understand. Their lives are empty and meaningless. The people who carried the statues helped to shape the prisoners’ views however they also were thought to share the same views as the prisoners. In the ‘Republic’, Plato criticized philosophers and politicians who lead the people but do not actually know the truth. The people carrying the statues are like the philosophers and politicians; oblivious to the World of Forms. The prisoners also represent our souls, which are yearning to get to a higher place. They are trapped inside the body, which is a physical form. The shadows are made from ‘all sorts of vessels and statues and figures of animals’, a mere shadow show orchestrated by the unseen men. They are the shadows which create the false images of distorted truth. They are the limits of reality. The prisoner’s senses are misguided by the shadows. The shadows are deceitful; they are the false way people see things. The shadows that the prisoners look upon represent the perceived truth; the prisoners did not have the knowledge to look beyond the superficial, and only had the capacity to believe in shadows. We are also told about the fire. It burnt behind and above the prisoners. In front of the fire there was a puppet stage for the men to carry the object behind, this would cast the shadows. The only noises the prisoners would hear were the echoes of reality, and the only things the prisoners would see were the shadows of truth. The puppeteers are ignorant for carrying on teaching the prisoners false knowledge. The fire in the cave represents the power of the sun. The fire has the ability to illuminate the false truths inside the cave; it magnifies what the prisoners can see, which shows them what to believe in. The fire represents false and incomplete knowledge and is also deceitful. It represents the illusions that keep us in the dark from truth. The journey out of the cave is the journey to truth and reality; it demands that you must challenge your pre-conceived ideas. The prisoner’s journey out of the cave, his ascent is faced with hardships and struggles; escaping the chains, past the fire and up the steps. The reason the prisoner is described as being ‘dragged out the cave’ is because the journey is distressing and he is being forced out. Plato said ‘The object of knowledge is what exists and its function to know about reality’. It explains how reality is the world of forms and the job of the philosopher is to get knowledge, this is what the prisoner does when he goes out of the cave. He is the one who breaks away and makes the journey out; he is the philosopher who wants to know what is really going on. He wants to see past the distorted truths. ‘And those who strive for reality and knowledge are philosophers’. The escaped prisoner could represent Socrates (Plato’s tutor). The journey out of the cave symbolizes the journey of an average person into the world of knowledge and wisdom through philosophy. This is achieved by looking into the depths of meaning and searching for answers. The journey is uncomfortable as it requires the prisoner to challenge his beliefs. When the prisoner first breaks free he is in tremendous amounts of pain as his muscles have been unused for so long, and he is able to look directly at the fire rather than ust at the shadows. The path outside the cave is rocky, steep and unstable as the things that the prisoners once knew as reality are all becoming unclear. Once the prisoner is out of the cave, he is faced with the sun. The sun represents complete knowledge, wisdom and enlightenment. It represents the World of Forms, which the soul yea rns to reach. It represents the ultimate good, the ideas/forms; the demiurge. It reveals the world to the prisoner, and how things can be if you come out of the shadows. It represents truth, beauty and justice. When the prisoner see’s the sun, he becomes temporarily blind; this represents the enlightenment because he has discovered a world past the shadows. A world which is real. The sun lets him see the true beauty of things, not the shadows that he saw before. Plato suggests that in this world, the sun gives both life to being as without light, we and the plants and animals would not grow and flourish, and provides light by which these things can be seen. The sun is the source of truth and reason; it represents the perfection of realities. Through the sun we will see the truth, real beauty and real justice. He comes to see a deeper reality, a reality marked by reason. Once the prisoner has embraced his new found knowledge, he wants to maintain it and no longer live a life of confinement trapped inside a cave. Once he sees reality, he makes a painful readjustment back into the darkness of the cave. This journey back is also painful as once he has seen reality, he does not wish to reminisce in the deceit of the past. However he is a good man, who gains true knowledge and wishes to enlighten the others. He could represent Socrates going to enlighten Athenian Society. When he gets to the prisoners, he seems mad, as he describes a new strange reality. They laugh at him and mock him, and reject him to the point of threatening to kill him. Their disagree shows how previous philosophers such as Socrates were penalized and laughed at for their beliefs and ultimately killed. Plato’s Analogy of the Cave is a representation of the human condition, under the circumstances of our basic beliefs and behaviors in society. It represents the lack of human knowledge, and the difference between the two orlds. It shows that in the World of Appearances, everything we see or experience are shadows of The World of Forms, they are impure. They show that we live in a world full of flux and decay and we are just matter. The World of Appearances is a Visible World and a Finite World whereas The World of Forms is an Unseen World, full of phenomenons, forms and ideals. The World of Forms is constantly e volving and changing; ‘You cannot step into the same river twice’. The World of Forms is outside the cave, and it is where everyone aims to go. The soul yearns for a higher place.